Securities are issued to investors for the first time in the primary market. The primary market is where newly issued securities, such as stocks and bonds, are offered and sold directly by the issuing company or government to investors. This process is known as an Initial Public Offering (IPO) for stocks or a new bond issue for bonds.
Investors in the primary market purchase securities directly from the issuer, and the capital raised from these sales goes to the issuer. In contrast, the secondary market is where previously issued securities are bought and sold among investors, and the transactions do not directly involve the issuing company or government.